교과서 Material：
평파열음화. [평파열음화] to [평파여르뫄]. pyong-pa-yol-eum-hwa to pyong-pa-yo-reu-mwa.
Batchim neutralization. Batchim sound shift.
해설 Commentary：
평파열음화 [pyong-pa-yo-reu-mwa] is the sound shift of 받침[batchim].
평파열음 [pyong-pa-yo-reum] means the plain and plosive sounds in Korean.
[ㄱ], [ㅂ], and [ㄷ] sounds are 평음[pyong-eum] = plain sound and also 파열음[pa-yo-reum] = plosive sound.
By this rule,
the "K" family bachims (ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ) becomes a [ㄱ] sound.
The "P" family bachims (ㅂ, ㅍ) becomes a [ㅂ] sound.
The "T" family bachims (ㄷ, ㅌ, ㄸ) becomes a [ㄷ] sound.
The "S" family bachims (ㅅ, ㅆ) becomes a [ㄷ] sound.
The "J" family bachims (ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ) becomes a [ㄷ] sound.
Some textbooks call this rule as Batchim Neutralization or Unreleased Sound while the native Korean textbooks call it 평파열음화[pyong-pa-yo-reu-mwa].
Example of 평파열음화 Batchim Neutralization：
책. [책]. chae-k. Book.
The sound of 책 is 책[chae-k]. In this case, ㄱ받침[gi-yeok batchim] is plain sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization doesn't happen.
The sound doesn't shift.
부엌. [부엌] to [부억]. bu-eok to bu-eok. Kitchen.
The sound of 부엌 is 부억[bu-eok]. In this case, ㅋ받침[ki-euk batchim] is aspirated sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 부엌[bu-eok] to 부억[bu-eok]. The aspirated sound ㅋ[ki-euk] shifts to the plain sound ㄱ[gi-yeok].
곧. [곧]. god. Soon
The sound of 곧 is 곧[god]. In this case, ㄷ받침[di-geut batchim] is plain sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization doesn't happen.
The sound doesn't shift.
끝. [끝] to [끋]. kkeu-t to kkeu-t. End.
The sound of 끝 is 끋[kkeu-t]. In this case, ㅌ받침[ti-eut batchim] is aspirated sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 끝[kkeu-t] to 끋[kkeu-t]. The aspirated sound ㅌ[ti-eut] shifts to the plain sound ㄷ[di-geut].
옷. [옷] to [옫]. os to ot. Clothes.
The sound of 옷 is 옫[ot]. In this case, ㅅ받침[si-ot batchim] is fricative sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 옷[os] to 옫[ot]. The fricative sound ㅅ[si-ot] shifts to the plosive sound ㄷ[di-geut].
곶. [곶] to [곧]. goj to got. Headland.
The sound of 곶 is 곧[got]. In this case, ㅈ받침[ji-eut batchim] is affricate sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 곶[goj] to 곧[got]. The affricate sound ㅈ[ji-eut] shifts to the plosive sound ㄷ[di-geut].
꽃. [꽃] to [꼳]. kkoch to kkot. Flower
The sound of 꽃 is 곧[kkot]. In this case, ㅊ받침[chi-eut batchim] is both aspirated and affricate sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 꽃[kkoch] to 곧[kkot]. The aspirated sound ㅊ[chi-eut] shifts to the plain sound ㅈ[ji-eut]. Then, in turn, the affricate sound ㅈ[ji-eut] shifts to the plosive sound ㄷ[di-geut].
집. [집]. jip. House.
The sound of 집 is 집[jip]. In this case, ㅂ받침[bi-eup batchim] is plain sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization doesn't happen.
The sound doesn't shift.
숲. [숲] to [숩]. sup to sup. Forest.
The sound of 숲 is 숩[sup]. In this case, ㅍ받침[pi-eup batchim] is aspirated sound. So, 평파열음화 = Batchim Neutralization happens.
The sound shifts from 숲[sup] to 숩[sup]. The aspirated sound ㅍ[pi-eup] shifts to the plain sound ㅂ[bi-eup].
Related words of 평파열음화 Batchim Neutralization：
평음. [평음]. pyeong-eum. Plain sound.
Hanja word. 평음 (plain sound) = 평 (plain) + 음 (sound).
Among the Korean consonants, ㄱ[gi-yeok], ㄷ [di-geut], ㅂ[bi-eup], ㅅ[si-ot], and ㅈ[ji-eut] are 평음[pyeongeum].
ㅎ[hi-eut] is under discussion.
Koreans consider 평음[pyeongeum] to be a weak sound with the muscles relaxed.
Sometimes translated as Lenis for linguists.
경음. [경음]. gyeong-eum. Tense sound.
Hanja word. 경음 (hard sound) = 경 (hard) + 음 (sound).
Among the Korean consonants, ㄲ[ssang-gi-yeok], ㄸ[ssang-di-geut], ㅃ[ssang-bi-eup], ㅆ[ssang-si-ot], and ㅉ[ssang-chi-eut] are 경음[gyeongeum].
Koreans consider 경음[gyeongeum] to be a tense sound.
격음. [격음] to [겨금]. gyeok-eum to gyeo-geum. Aspirated sound.
Hanja word.격음 (Aspirated sound) = 격 (intense) + 음 (sound).
Among the Korean consonants, ㅋ[ki-euk], ㅌ[ti-eut], ㅍ[pi-eup], and ㅊ[chi-eut] are 격음 [gyeogeum].
Koreans consider 격음[gyeogeum] to be intense sounds.
It is best for learners to first remember 격음[gyeogeum] as "breath-out sounds."
Some books teach that 격음[gyeogeum] are 유기음[yuseongeum].
Sometimes translated as Fortis for linguists.
데이터 Data：
평파열음화[pyong-pa-yo-reu-mwa] Batchim neutralization
DATA
소리[soli] Voice
DATA
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This page shows the basic words to start learning Korean and East Asian languages.
연구 Further study：
Yonsei Korean 1-1. Yonsei Language Institute.
Integrated Korean. Beginning 1. Young-Mee Cho. Univ of Hawaii Press.
Republic of Korea Ministry of Education (대한민국
교육부).
Japan Ministry of Education (文部科学省).
学習指導要領 生きる力. 2017.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Education (
中华人民共和国教育部). Tōngyòng Guīfàn Hànzì Biǎo (通用规范汉字表). 2013.
U.S. Department of Education.