교과서 Material：
경음화. [경음화] to [경으뫄]. gyeong-eum-hwa to gyeong-eu-mwa.
Tensing.
해설 Commentary：
경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] is one of the Korean sound shifts.
When 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] happens, the plain sounds (ㄱ・ㄷ・ㅂ・ㅅ・ㅈ) change to the tensed sounds (ㄲ・ㄸ・ㅃ・ㅆ・ㅉ).
For example, the sound of 국밥 changes from 국밥 [guk-bap] to 국빱 [guk-ppap].
경화음 [gyeong-eu-mwa] is an academic term while 된소리되기 [doen-soli-doegi] is a native Korean word taught in Korean public school textbooks.
If you talk to native Koreans, 된소리[doen-soli] is easier for them to understand.
Example of 경음화 Tensing：
학교. [학교] to [학꾜]. hak-gyo to hak-kkyo.
School.
학교 [hak-kkyo] means "school" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 학교 is 학꾜 [hak-kkyo], not 학교 [hak-gyo].
In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 교, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 교 changes to ㄲ [ssang-gi-yeok] in 꾜.
식당. [식당] to [식땅]. sik-dang to sik-ttang.
Restaurant.
식당 [sik-ttang] means "restaurant" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 식당 is 식땅[sik-ttang], not 식당 [sik-dang].
In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㄷ [di-geut] in 당, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㄷ [di-geut] in 당 changes to ㄸ [ssang-di-geut] in 땅.
국밥. [국밥] to [국빱]. guk-bap to guk-ppap.
Soup rice.
Korean Cuisine 국밥 [guk-ppap] means "soup rice" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 국밥 is 국빱 [guk-ppap], not 국밥 [guk-bap].
In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㅂ [bi-eup] in 밥, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㅂ [bi-eup] in 밥 changes to ㅃ [ssang-bi-eup] in 빱.
닦다. [닦다] to [닥따]. dakk-da to dakk-tta.
To clean.
닦다 [dakk-tta] means "to clean" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 닦다 is 닦따 [dakk-tta], not 닦다 [dakk-da].
In this case, ㄲ받침 [ssang-gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㄷ [di-geot] in 다, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㄷ [di-geot] in 다 changes to ㄸ [ssang-di-geot] in 따.
예문: 이를 닦다.
Example sentence: Brush the teeth.
받다. [받다] to [받따]. bat-da to bat-tta.
To receive.
받다 [bat-tta] means "to receive" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 받다 is 받따 [bat-tta], not 받다 [bat-da].
In this case, ㄷ받침 [di-geot batchim] follows after ㄷ [di-geot] in 다, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㄷ [di-geot] in 다 changes to ㄸ [ssang-di-geot] in 따.
예문: 선물을 받다.
Example sentence: Recieve a souvenir.
예문: 남자 친구에게서 생일 선물을 받다.
Example sentence: Recieve a birthday present from the boyfriend.
숟가락. [숟가락] to [숟까락]. sut-ga-rak to sut-kka-rak.
Spoon.
숟가락 [sut-kka-rak] means "spoon" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 숟가락 is 숟까락 [sut-kka-rak], not 숟가락 [sut-ga-rak].
In this case, ㄷ받침 [di-geot batchim] follows after ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 가, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 가 changes to ㄲ [ssang-gi-yeok] in 까.
예문: 찻숟가락.
Example sentence: 찻 (tea) + 숟가락 (spoon) = teaspoon.
책상. [책상] to [책쌍]. chaek-sang to chaek-ssang.
Desk.
책상 [chaek-ssang] means "desk" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 책상 is 책쌍 [chaek-ssang], not 책상 [chaek-sang].
In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㅅ [si-eot] in 상, so 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] = tensing happens. As a result, the pronunciation of ㅅ [si-eot] in 상 changes to ㅆ [ssang-si-eot] in 쌍.
예문: 책상에 앉다.
Example sentence: Take a seat around the desk.
여권. [여권] to [여꿘]. yeo-gwon to yeo-kkwon.
Passport
여권 [yeo-kkwon] means "passport" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 여권 is 여꿘 [yeo-kkwon], not 여권 [yeo-gwon].
In Korean, some Hanja words always become 경음 [gyeong-eum] = tensed sound. As a result, ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 권 changes to ㄲ [ssang-gi-yeok] in 꿘.
예문: 여권 신청.
Example sentence: Passport application.
예문: 여권발급 대상.
Example: Eligible person for passport issuance.
인기. [인기] to [인끼]. in-gi to in-kki.
Popularity.
인기 [in-kki] means "popularity" in Korean.
The correct pronunciation of 인기 is 인끼 [in-kki], not 인기 [in-gi].
In Korean, some Hanja words always become 경음 [gyeong-eum] = tensed sound. As a result, ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 기 changes to ㄲ [ssang-gi-yeok] in 끼.
예문: 인기 가요.
Example sentence: Inkigayo = 인기(popularity) + 가요(music show) = Famous music show on SBS(Seoul Broadcasting System).
Related words of 경음화 Tensing：
된소리되기. [된소리되기]. doen-soli-doegi.
Tensing or Becoming tensed sound.
된소리되기 = 된소리 [doen-soli] + 되기 [doegi].
된소리 [doen-soli] means tensed consonants (ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ). 된 [doen] means "tensed," and 소리 [soli] measn "sound."
되기 [doegi] means "to become" or "to turn into."
된소리되기 [doen-soli-doegi] has the exact same meaning as 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa], but there is a difference between them.
된소리되기 [doen-soli-doegi] is a native Korean word, and Korean public school textbooks use 된소리되기 [doen-soli-doegi] when teaching the local students.
On the other hand, 경음화 [gyeong-eu-mwa] is a Hanja word and used mainly in academic context.
So, use 된소리 [doen-soli] when you speak to native Koreans.
데이터 Data：
경음화[gyeong-eu-mwa] Tensing
DATA
소리[soli] Voice
DATA
이 페이지는 한국어와 동아시아 언어를 배우기 시작하는 기본 단어들을 보여줍니다.
This page shows the basic words to start learning Korean and East Asian languages.
연구 Further study：
Yonsei Korean 1-1. Yonsei Language Institute.
Integrated Korean. Beginning 1. Young-Mee Cho. Univ of Hawaii Press.
Republic of Korea Ministry of Education (대한민국
교육부).
Japan Ministry of Education (文部科学省).
学習指導要領 生きる力. 2017.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Education (
中华人民共和国教育部). Tōngyòng Guīfàn Hànzì Biǎo (通用规范汉字表). 2013.
U.S. Department of Education.