교과서 Material：
비음화. [비음화] to [비으뫄]. bi-eum-hwa to bi-eu-mwa .
Nasalization.
해설 Commentary：
비음화 = 비음 (nasal sounds) + 화 (to become).
비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] is one of the Korean pronunciation shifts.
In Korean, the three consonants ㅁ [mi-eum], ㄴ [ni-eun], and ㅇ [i-eung] are called 비음 [bi-eum] = Nasal Sounds.
When 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Becoming Nasal Sound occurs, 받침 [batchim] changes to a nasal sound.
The P batchims (ㅂ, ㅍ) change to ㅁ [mi-eum].
The T batchims (ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅅ, ㅆ) change to ㄴ [ni-eun].
The K batchims (ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ) changes to ㅇ [i-eung].
비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] occurs in Korean conversations frequently, but the beginners struggle with it, especially right after learning Hanguel.
Example of 비음화 Nasalization：
십 년. [십년] to [심년]. sip-nyeon to sim-nyeon.
Ten years.
십 년 = 십 (ten) + 년 (year). 십 [sip] means Ten in numerals, and 년 [nyeon] means Year.
The correct pronunciation of 십 년 is 심년 [sim-nyeon], and 십년 [sip-nyeon] is incorrect. In this case, ㅂ받침 [bi-eup batchim] follows after ㄴ [ni-eun], so 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Nasalization occurs. As a result, the ㅂ [bi-eup] in 십 changes to ㅁ [mi-eum].
겉모습. [겉모습] to [걷모습] to [건모습]. got-mo-seup to got-mo-seup to gon-mo-seup.
Appearance.
겉모습 = 겉 (outside) + 모습 (figure).
겉모습 [gon-mo-seup] means Appearance or Facade in Korean. 겉 [got] means Outside, and 모습 [mo-seup] means Figure.
The correct pronunciation of 겉모습 is 건모습 [gon-mo-seup], and 겉모습 [got-mo-seup] is incorrect. In this case, ㅌ받침 [ti-eut batchim] follows after ㅁ [mi-eum], so 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Nasalization occurs. As a result, the ㅌ [ti-eut] in 겉 changes to ㄴ [ni-eun].
예문: 겉을 꾸미다.
Example: To decorate one's appearance.
작년. [작년] to [장년]. jak-nyeon to jang-nyeon.
Last year.
작년 = 작 (last) + 년 (year). 작 [jak] means Last in Hanja, and 년 [nyeon] means Year.
The correct pronunciation of 작년 is 장년 [jang-nyeon], and 작년 [jak-nyeon] is incorrect. In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㄴ [ni-eun], so 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Nasalization occurs. As a result, the ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 작 changes to ㅇ [i-eung].
박물관. [박물관] to [방물관]. bak-mul-gwan to bang-mul-gwan.
Museum.
박물관 = 박 (hundred) + 물 (thing) + 관 (hall). Hanja word. 박 [bak] means Hundred, 물 [mul] means Thing, and 관 [gwan] means Hall.
The correct pronunciation of 박물관 is 방물관 [bang-mul-gwan], and 박물관 [bak-mul-gwan] is incorrect. In this case, ㄱ받침 [gi-yeok batchim] follows after ㅁ [mi-eum], so 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Nasalization occurs. As a result, the ㄱ [gi-yeok] in 박 changes to ㅇ [i-eung].
장래. [장래] to [장내]. jang-rae to jang-nae.
Future.
장래 = 장 (not yet) + 래 (to come). Hanja word. 장 [jang] means Not Yet, 래 [rae] means To Come.
The correct pronunciation of 장래 is 장내 [jang-nae], and 장래 [jang-rae] is incorrect. In this case, ㅇ받침 [i-eung batchim] follows after ㄹ [ri-eul], so 비음화 [bi-eu-mwa] = Nasalization occurs. As a result, the ㄹ [ri-eul] in 래 changes to ㄴ [ni-eun].
예문: 장래가 기대되는 청년.
例文: A young hopeful.
Related words of 비음화 Nasalization：
데이터 Data：
비음화[bi-eu-mwa] Nasalization
DATA
소리[sori] Voice
DATA
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This page shows the basic words to start learning Korean and East Asian languages.
연구 Further study：
Yonsei Korean 1-1. Yonsei Language Institute.
Integrated Korean. Beginning 1. Young-Mee Cho. Univ of Hawaii Press.
Republic of Korea Ministry of Education (대한민국
교육부).
Japan Ministry of Education (文部科学省).
学習指導要領 生きる力. 2017.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Education (
中华人民共和国教育部). Tōngyòng Guīfàn Hànzì Biǎo (通用规范汉字表). 2013.
U.S. Department of Education.